Flower ID: IMG_9003.JPG-08-26-2021 Flower name (scientific): Lycopus uniflorus André Michaux PY: 1803. Pronunciation guide: (phonetic spelling) LIE-ko-pus (or LY-co-pus) uni-FLOR-us Flower name (common): Northern Bugleweed Family name (common): Mint Family name (scientific): Lamiaceae Scientific name origin: Genus: From the Greek words lykos meaning a wolf and pous meaning a foot, hence a wolf's foot. Referring to the supposed resemblance of the leaves of one of the species to a wolf's foot. Specific epithet: From the Latin for one flower. Common name origin: The first part refers to its geographic distribution in North America to mostly northern US states, and to Canadian provinces. Bugleweed is compounded from bugle + weed. Bugle as used here refers to a plant of the old world genus Ajuga, and has no apparent connection to the wind instrument. Flower description: Size: 0.1 to 0.2 inches (3 to 5 mm) Petal count: 4 Color: white Other: flower arrangement, Whorl Plant description: Size: 4 to 40 inches (10 to 102 cm) Stem hairy: Other: Leaf description: attachment is opposite, type is simple Size: Color: Hairy: Other: Shape: leaf, elliptic to broadly elliptic (IL) Origin (native, introduced, invasive): Native Status (common, uncommon, threatened, rare): Uncommon Bloom time (typical): July to September Cycle (annual, biennial, perennial): Perennial Habitat: Cliffs, meadows, marshes, streambanks, swamps, sun or part shade, moist soil. Fruit: Seed: Importance to wildlife: Similar species (if any): There are five recorded species of Lycopus in Wisconsin: Lycopus americanus (American Water-horehound), Lycopus asper (Rough Bugleweed), Lycopus europaeus (European Bugleweed), Lycopus virginicus (Bugleweed, Virginia Water-horehound), and Lycopus uniflorus. L. europaeus has a very limited distribution in Wisconsin, with only a very small number of observations reported. Plants of the genus Lycopus do not have a minty fragrance when the leaves are crushed, which can help in differentiating some of the mint species that have a resemblance. Key distinguishing characteristics are the following. L. americanus has deeply lobed lower leaves. L. asper has unlobed, essentially stalkless, toothed lance-oblong leaves, and calyxes about the same length as the flower tube. L. uniflorus has elliptic shaped toothed leaves with a short stalk, calyxes that are short (about 1 mm), and stems that are glabrous or minimally hairy. L. virginicus has diamond-shaped leaves that are toothless near the stem, and calyxes that are shorter than the flower tube, and the stems are slightly pubescent. Ethnobotany: No recorded uses by tribes from Wisconsin. The Okanagon and the Thompson used the roots as a food source (Moerman, p. 324, 1998). Latitude: 44.804567 Longitude: -91.526790 Altitude: 243.40 Distribution: In Wisconsin: (Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Brown, Buffalo, Burnett, Calumet, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Dane, Dodge, Door, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Florence, Fond du Lac, Forest, Grant, Green, Green Lake, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, Kenosha, Kewaunee, La Crosse, Lafayette, Langlade, Lincoln, Manitowoc, Marathon, Marinette, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Monroe, Oconto, Oneida, Outagamie, Ozaukee, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Racine, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, Sawyer, Shawano, Sheboygan, St. Croix, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Walworth, Washburn, Washington, Waukesha, Waupaca, Waushara, Winnebago, Wood) Click here for distribution map In US: (AK, AR, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MT, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV, WY) Click here for distribution map In Canada: (AB, BC, LB, MB, NB, NF, NS, NT, ON, PE, QC, SK) Click here for distribution map References: Synonym(s): Basionym: na Homotypic Synonym(s): Heterotypic Synonym(s): Autonym: na Wetland Status (NC): OBL Wetland Status (MW): OBL