Putnam Park Wildflowers


Flower ID: IMG_3745.JPG-05-29-2020
Flower name (scientific): Viola sagittata Aiton PY: 1789. Pronunciation guide: (phonetic spelling) vy-OH-la saj-ih-TAY-tuh
Flower name (common): Arrow-leaved Violet
Family name (common): Violet
Family name (scientific): Violaceae
Scientific name origin:
     Genus: The Latin name for violets.
    Specific epithet: Arrow-shaped, which refers to the shape of the leaves.
Common name origin: Derived from the shape of the leaves. Violet is from the old French violete, and the Latin viola, the latter being used as the name for the genus.
Flower description:
     Size: 0.7 to 1.0 inches (1.8 to 2.5 cm)
     Petal count: 5
     Color: blue or purple
     Other: flower arrangement, Solitary
Plant description:
     Size: 4 to 8 inches (10 to 20 cm)
     Stem hairy:
     Other:
Leaf description: attachment is basal, type is simple
     Size: Leaves up to about 8 cm long and up to 5 cm wide.
     Color:
     Hairy:
     Other: Shape: leaf, earliest blades ovate to elliptic, mid-season blades ovate, elliptic, narrowly elliptic to narrowly deltate (FNA), sagittate or hastate (IL), arrow-shaped
Origin (native, introduced, invasive): Native
Status (common, uncommon, threatened, rare): Uncommon
Bloom time (typical): April to June
Cycle (annual, biennial, perennial): Perennial
Habitat: Prairies, meadows, fields, open woods, sun or part shade, dry to moist.
Fruit:
Seed:
Importance to wildlife:
Similar species (if any): The flowers resemble several other Viola species, but the leaves with their characteristic arrowhead shape help distinguish Viola sagittata from the others.
Ethnobotany: No recorded uses by tribes in the Wisconsin region, but employed by the Iroquois as a witchcraft medicine (Moerman, p. 597, 1998).
Latitude: 44.796268
Longitude: -91.513525
Altitude: 257.50
Distribution: In Wisconsin: (Adams, Ashland, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Dane, Door, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Fond du Lac, Grant, Green, Green Lake, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, Kenosha, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Marinette, Marquette, Monroe, Oconto, Polk, Portage, Racine, Richland, Rock, Sauk, Shawano, Sheboygan, St. Croix, Walworth, Washington, Waukesha, Waupaca, Waushara, Winnebago, Wood) Click here for distribution map
In US: (AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, VT, WI, WV) Click here for distribution map
In Canada: (NB, NS, ON, PE, QC) Click here for distribution map
References: R. John Little, Landon E. McKinney, In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico [Online]. 22+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 6. http://floranorthamerica.org/Viola_sagittata. Accessed [10-08-2021].
Synonym(s):
Basionym: na
Homotypic Synonym(s):
Heterotypic Synonym(s):
Autonym: na
Wetland Status (NC): FAC
Wetland Status (MW): FAC