Flower ID: IMG_4175.JPG-08-22-2022 Flower name (scientific): Pilea fontana (Lunell) Rydberg PY: 1931. Pronunciation guide: (phonetic spelling) py-LEE-uh fon-TAN-ah Flower name (common): Black-fruited Clearweed Family name (common): Nettle Family name (scientific): Urticaceae Scientific name origin: Genus: From Latin pileus, meaning felt cap, or Greek pilos meaning cap, which refers to the calyx covering the achene. Specific epithet: Of fountain springs or fast-moving streams, refers to the preferred wet habitat of the plant. Common name origin: From the black color of the fruits and the translucent nature of the stems, more so in the closely related Pilea pumila (Dwarf Clearweed, Clearweed). Flower description: Size: 0.04 to 0.08 inches (1 to 2 mm) long Petal count: 4 tepals (Staminate flowers), 3 tepals (Pistillate flowers). Color: green Other: flower arrangement, Panicle Plant description: Size: 4 to 20 inches (10 to 51 cm) Stem hairy: Other: Leaf description: attachment is opposite, type is simple Size: Leaves up to 10 to 12 cm long and up to 4.5 cm wide. Color: Hairy: Other: Shape: leaf, elliptic to ovate (FNA) Origin (native, introduced, invasive): Native Status (common, uncommon, threatened, rare): Common Bloom time (typical): July to September Cycle (annual, biennial, perennial): Annual Habitat: Swamps, streambanks, marshes, lake and pond margins, moist to wet, semi shade to shade. Fruit: Seed: Importance to wildlife: Similar species (if any): Pilea fontana and Pilea pumila (Dwarf Clearweed) are very similar species. The best way to differentiate these two species is to examine the achenes. The one-seeded fruit of P. fontana is almost all black, except possibly for a small pale band along the margin, and the surface is irregular and tuberculate. The fruit of P. pumila is light green to straw-colored with purple streaks, and the surface is typically smooth. A magnifying glass is helpful to observe the fruits. Ethnobotany: Latitude: 44.800190 Longitude: -91.507505 Altitude: 245.60 Distribution: In Wisconsin: (Adams, Bayfield, Brown, Calumet, Chippewa, Columbia, Dane, Dodge, Door, Dunn, Eau Claire, Fond du Lac, Forest, Grant, Green, Green Lake, Iowa, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, Kewaunee, La Crosse, Langlade, Lincoln, Manitowoc, Marathon, Marinette, Marquette, Oconto, Outagamie, Ozaukee, Polk, Portage, Racine, Richland, Rock, Sauk, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Walworth, Washburn, Washington, Waukesha, Waupaca, Waushara, Winnebago, Wood) Click here for distribution map In US: (AL, CT, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KY, MA, MD, MI, MN, NC, ND, NE, NJ, NY, OH, PA, SC, SD, VA, WI) Click here for distribution map In Canada: (ON, QC) Click here for distribution map References: Synonym(s): Basionym: Adicea fontana Lunell Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 7. 1913. Homotypic Synonym(s): Heterotypic Synonym(s): Autonym: na Wetland Status (NC): FACW Wetland Status (MW): FACW