Flower ID: IMG_4314.JPG-07-10-2020 Flower name (scientific): Oenothera clelandii W. Dietrich, P. H. Raven and W. L. Wagner PY: 1983. Pronunciation guide: (phonetic spelling) ee-no-THEE-ruh klee-LAND-ee-ee (or klee-LAND-ee-eye) Flower name (common): Cleland's Evening Primrose Family name (common): Evening Primrose Family name (scientific): Onagraceae Scientific name origin: Genus: From the Greek oinos for wine, and thera for to imbibe. References a related plant that supposedly encouraged the taste of/for wine. An alternative, based on the OED: Roots of the plant are edible, and were consumed after dinner to enhance the taste of wine. Specific epithet: Named to honor the botanist Ralph E. Cleland (1892 - 1971), who made extensive studies of Oenothera cytogenetics. Common name origin: Cleland honors botanist Ralph E. Cleland. Primrose is derived from primerose, denoting a plant of the genus Primula, and evening signifying when the flowers commonly open, that is, late in the day until the following morning. Flower description: Size: 0.5 to 1.3 inches (1.3 to 3.3 cm) Petal count: 4 Color: yellow Other: flower arrangement, Spike Plant description: Size: 12 to 40 inches (30 to 102 cm) Stem hairy: Other: Leaf description: attachment is basal and alternate, type is simple Size: Basal leaves up to 16 cm long and 1.5 cm wide. Cauline leaves up to 12 cm and 2 cm wide. Color: Hairy: Other: Shape: leaf, linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, or oblong (IL) Origin (native, introduced, invasive): Native Status (common, uncommon, threatened, rare): Common Bloom time (typical): June to September Cycle (annual, biennial, perennial): Biennial Habitat: Prairies, fields, sun, sandy soil. Fruit: Seed: Importance to wildlife: Similar species (if any): The bluntly pointed petals of Oenothera clelandii help to distinguish this species from other Oenothera species, except for Oenothera rhombipetala (Fourpoint Evening Primrose). The latter species has petals that are also bluntly pointed, but has flowers that are larger, 25 to 51 mm, whereas the flowers of Oenothera clelandii are around 13 to 32 mm. For Oenothera rhombipetala the stigma length is somewhat longer than the stamens, whereas for Oenothera clelandii the stigma and stamens are approximately the same length. There are only ten reports of Oenothera rhombipetala in scattered counties in Wisconsin. Ethnobotany: No recorded uses by Native Americans have been published. Probably because this is a relatively new species. Latitude: 44.795700 Longitude: -91.513670 Altitude: 271.20 Distribution: In Wisconsin: (Adams, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Green Lake, Iowa, Jackson, Juneau, Kenosha, La Crosse, Marathon, Marquette, Monroe, Pierce, Portage, Racine, Richland, Rock, Sauk, Trempealeau, Walworth, Waushara, Wood) Click here for distribution map In US: (AR, IA, IL, IN, KY, MI, MN, MO, NJ, NY, OH, SC, WI, WV) In Canada: (ON) References: Synonym(s): Basionym: na Homotypic Synonym(s): Heterotypic Synonym(s): Autonym: na