Putnam Park Wildflowers


Flower ID: IMG_0964.JPG-07-01-2017
Flower name (scientific): Monotropa uniflora Linnaeus PY: 1753. Pronunciation guide: (phonetic spelling) mah-no-TROH-puh yoo-nih-FLOR-uh
Flower name (common): Indian Pipe
Family name (common): Indian Pipe (Heath, Heather)
Family name (scientific): Monotropaceae (Ericaceae)
Scientific name origin:
     Genus: From the Greek monos, for single or only, and tropos, turn or direction. Describing the appearance of the inflorescence as being single-sided.
    Specific epithet: Single flowered.
Common name origin: Supposedly for its resemblance to an Indian smoking pipe.
Flower description:
     Size: 0.3 to 0.6 inches (0.8 to 1.5 cm)
     Petal count: 5
     Color: White
     Other: flower arrangement, Solitary
Plant description: Erect
     Size: 4 to 8 inches (10 to 20 cm)
     Stem hairy:
     Other:
Leaf description: attachment is alternate, type is simple
     Size: Scale-like leaves are up to about 14 mm long and 6 mm wide.
     Color:
     Hairy:
     Other: Shape: leaf, scale-like, linear to oval (BFO)
Origin (native, introduced, invasive): Native
Status (common, uncommon, threatened, rare): Common
Bloom time (typical): June to September
Cycle (annual, biennial, perennial): Perennial
Habitat: Forests, woods, shade or part shade, moist, rich soil with often plenty of leaf litter.
Fruit:
Seed:
Importance to wildlife:
Similar species (if any): No close lookalikes. Monotropa hypopitys (Pinesap) has a vague resemblance, but this species has stems that are yellow to orange to reddish, and also has a raceme of more than one flower.
Ethnobotany: The Potawatomi prepared a tea from the roots which was employed for unspecified female problems (Smith, pp. 53-54, 1933). The Cherokee, Cree, Mohegan, and Thompson used this plant to treat various ailments including epilepsy, convulsions, sore eyes, toothache, colds, fevers, and sores (Moerman, p. 349, 1998).
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Distribution: In Wisconsin: (Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Brown, Buffalo, Burnett, Calumet, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Dane, Dodge, Door, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Florence, Fond du Lac, Forest, Grant, Green, Green Lake, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, Kenosha, La Crosse, Lafayette, Langlade, Lincoln, Manitowoc, Marinette, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Monroe, Oconto, Oneida, Outagamie, Polk, Portage, Price, Racine, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, Sawyer, Shawano, Sheboygan, St. Croix, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Walworth, Washburn, Washington, Waukesha, Waupaca, Waushara, Winnebago, Wood) Click here for distribution map
In US: (AK, AL, AR, CA, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, MT, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV) Click here for distribution map
In Canada: (AB, BC, LB, MB, NB, NF, NS, ON, PE, QC, SK) Click here for distribution map
References:
Synonym(s):
Basionym: na
Homotypic Synonym(s):
Heterotypic Synonym(s):
Autonym: na
Wetland Status (NC): FACU
Wetland Status (MW): FACU