Flower ID: IMG_4663.JPG-07-30-2020 Flower name (scientific): Lycopus uniflorus André Michaux PY: 1803. Pronunciation guide: (phonetic spelling) LIE-ko-pus (or LY-co-pus) uni-FLOR-us Flower name (common): Northern Bugleweed Family name (common): Mint Family name (scientific): Lamiaceae Scientific name origin: Genus: From the Greek words lykos meaning a wolf and pous meaning a foot, hence a wolf's foot. Referring to the supposed resemblance of the leaves of one of the species to a wolf's foot. Specific epithet: From the Latin for one flower. Common name origin: The first part refers to its geographic distribution in North America to mostly northern US states, and to Canadian provinces. Bugleweed is compounded from bugle + weed. Bugle as used here refers to a plant of the old world genus Ajuga, and has no apparent connection to the wind instrument. Flower description: Size: 0.1 to 0.2 inches (3 to 5 mm) Petal count: 4 Color: white Other: flower arrangement, Whorl Plant description: Size: 4 to 40 inches (10 to 102 cm) Stem hairy: glabrous or glabrate. Other: Leaf description: attachment is opposite, type is simple. Leaves have a short petiole and the margins are coarsely toothed. Size: Leaves up to 8 to 10 cm long and up to 2.5 to 4 cm wide. Color: medium green Hairy: Upper surface mostly glabrous, lower surface glabrous to sparsely pubescent. Other: Shape: leaf, elliptic to broadly elliptic (IL) Origin (native, introduced, invasive): Native (Plants of the World Online lists this species as introduced in Wisconsin, though the Flora of Wisconsin treats this as a native species.) Status (common, uncommon, threatened, rare): Uncommon Bloom time (typical): July to September Cycle (annual, biennial, perennial): Perennial Habitat: Cliffs, meadows, marshes, streambanks, swamps, sun or part shade, moist soil. Fruit: A group of four nutlets in the shape of a square. Seed: Importance to wildlife: Similar species (if any): There are five recorded species of Lycopus in Wisconsin: Lycopus americanus (American Water-horehound), Lycopus asper (Rough Bugleweed), Lycopus europaeus (European Bugleweed), Lycopus virginicus (Bugleweed, Virginia Water-horehound), and Lycopus uniflorus. L. europaeus has a very limited distribution in Wisconsin, with only a very small number of observations reported. Plants of the genus Lycopus do not have a minty fragrance when the leaves are crushed, which can help in differentiating some of the mint species that have a resemblance. Key distinguishing characteristics are the following. L. americanus has deeply lobed lower leaves. L. asper has unlobed, essentially stalkless, toothed lance-oblong leaves, and calyxes about the same length as the flower tube. L. uniflorus has elliptic shaped toothed leaves with a short stalk, calyxes that are short (about 1 mm), and stems that are glabrous or minimally hairy. L. virginicus has diamond-shaped leaves that are toothless near the stem, and calyxes that are shorter than the flower tube, and the stems are slightly pubescent. Ethnobotany: No recorded uses by tribes from Wisconsin. The Okanagon and the Thompson used the roots as a food source (Moerman, p. 324, 1998). Latitude: 44.797468 Longitude: -91.512817 Altitude: 246.60 Distribution: In Wisconsin: (Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Brown, Buffalo, Burnett, Calumet, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Dane, Dodge, Door, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Florence, Fond du Lac, Forest, Grant, Green, Green Lake, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, Kenosha, Kewaunee, La Crosse, Lafayette, Langlade, Lincoln, Manitowoc, Marathon, Marinette, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Monroe, Oconto, Oneida, Outagamie, Ozaukee, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Racine, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, Sawyer, Shawano, Sheboygan, St. Croix, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Walworth, Washburn, Washington, Waukesha, Waupaca, Waushara, Winnebago, Wood) Click here for distribution map In US: (AK, AR, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MT, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV, WY) Click here for distribution map In Canada: (AB, BC, LB, MB, NB, NF, NS, NT, ON, PE, QC, SK) Click here for distribution map References: Synonym(s): Basionym: na Homotypic Synonym(s): POWO lists 1 homotypic synonym for this species. Heterotypic Synonym(s): POWO lists 11 heterotypic synonyms for this species. Autonym: na Wetland Status (NC): OBL Wetland Status (MW): OBL