Flower ID: IMG_3879.JPG-06-11-2020 Flower name (scientific): Lithospermum caroliniense (Gmelin) MacMillan PY: 1892. Pronunciation guide: (phonetic spelling) lith-o-SPER-mum car-o-lin-ee-EN-sis Flower name (common): Carolina Puccoon Family name (common): Borage Family name (scientific): Boraginaceae Scientific name origin: Genus: From the Greek lethos, for stone, and sperma, for seed. Refers to the appearance of the seeds as stone-like. Specific epithet: Of or from Carolina. Common name origin: From a native location, and puccoon comes from the Virginia Algonquian poughkone, a plant whose roots yield a red dye. Flower description: Size: 0.7 to 1.0 inches (1.8 to 2.5 cm) Petal count: 5 Color: yellow or orange. Other: flower arrangement, Cluster-cyme Plant description: Size: 6 to 24 inches (15 to 61 cm) Stem hairy: sparsely to densely pubescent with short stiff hairs Other: Leaf description: attachment is alternate, type is simple. Leaves sessile with margins entire. Size: Leaves up to 4 to 7 cm long and 6 to about 15 mm wide. Color: medium green Hairy: moderately to densely pubescent with short stiff hairs. Other: Shape: leaf, narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate (IL) Origin (native, introduced, invasive): Native Status (common, uncommon, threatened, rare): Common Bloom time (typical): May to July Cycle (annual, biennial, perennial): Perennial Habitat: Prairies, open woods, roadsides, sun or part shade, dry. Fruit: nutlets about 3 to 4 mm in length, pale brown to white. Seed: Importance to wildlife: Similar species (if any): Lithospermum canescens (Hoary Puccoon) is similar. Lithospermum canescens has flowers about 8 to 13 mm wide, is around 10 to 46 cm tall, and has leaves with a sparse to dense covering of hairs with a soft feel and without noticeable lateral veins, whereas L. caroliniense has larger flowers about 13 to 25 mm wide, is a somewhat taller plant (typically 15 to around 60 cm tall), and has leaves covered in short stiff hairs giving a rough feel to the surface and has faint lateral veins. Ethnobotany: The Lakota used this plant to treat chest wounds (Moerman, p. 310, 1998). The Chippewa prepared a red dye using the roots and made use of it as face paint (Densmore, pp. 371, 377, 1928). Latitude: 44.795682 Longitude: -91.513780 Altitude: 283.20 Distribution: In Wisconsin: (Adams, Ashland, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Door, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Forest, Grant, Green, Green Lake, Iowa, Jackson, Juneau, Kenosha, La Crosse, Lafayette, Manitowoc, Marathon, Marinette, Marquette, Menominee, Monroe, Oconto, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Racine, Richland, Rock, Sauk, Shawano, Sheboygan, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Walworth, Washburn, Waukesha, Waupaca, Waushara, Wood) Click here for distribution map In US: (AL, AR, CO, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MI, MN, MO, MS, NE, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, SD, TN, TX, VA, WI, WV) Click here for distribution map In Canada: (ON) Click here for distribution map References: Synonym(s): Basionym: Batschia caroliniensis J. F. Gmelin in Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis].: 315 (1791). Homotypic Synonym(s): POWO lists 1 homotypic synonym for this species. Heterotypic Synonym(s): na Autonym:Lithospermum caroliniense var. caroliniense (The other infraspecific is Lithospermum caroliniense var. croceum (Fernald) Cronquist, which has been recorded from 18 central to eastern US states.) Wetland Status (NC): Not listed Wetland Status (MW): Not listed