Putnam Park Wildflowers


Flower ID: IMG_2065.JPG-09-24-2017
Flower name (scientific): Linaria vulgaris Miller PY: 1768. Pronunciation guide: (phonetic spelling) lin-AR-ee-uh vul-GAIR-iss
Flower name (common): Butter-and-eggs
Family name (common): Plantain
Family name (scientific): Plantaginaceae
Scientific name origin:
     Genus: From the Latin linum, for flax, in reference to the flax like appearence of the leaves for some species of the genus.
    Specific epithet: Latin for common.
Common name origin: From the two-colored (yellow and orange) flowers, resembling the colors of butter and eggs.
Flower description:
     Size: 0.5 to 0.8 inches (1.3 to 2.0 cm)
     Petal count: 5, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed.
     Color: Yellow and orange.
     Other: flower arrangement, Raceme
Plant description: Erect
     Size: 12 to 36 inches (30 to 91 cm)
     Stem hairy: glabrous
     Other:
Leaf description: attachment is alternate, type is simple. Leaves sessile or with very short petioles. Margins entire.
     Size: Leaves up to 7 cm long and typically up to about 7 mm wide.
     Color: medium green
     Hairy: glabrous
     Other: Shape: leaf, linear to linear-lanceolate (FNA)
Origin (native, introduced, invasive): Introduced, naturalized, potentially invasive.
Status (common, uncommon, threatened, rare): Common
Bloom time (typical): May to September
Cycle (annual, biennial, perennial): Perennial
Habitat: Fields, prairies, disturbed areas, roadsides, waste ground, sun or part shade.
Fruit: Capsules about 5 to 10 mm in length.
Seed: Brown to black, winged, about 1.5 to 2.5 mm in length.
Importance to wildlife:
Similar species (if any): Linaria dalmatica (Dalmatian Toadflax) has some resemblance, but it has clasping leaves that are wider (to about 38 mm), whereas the narrow linear leaves of Linaria vulgaris are about 3 to 4 mm wide.
Ethnobotany: The Ojibwe employed the whole plant as an ingredient in the kettle to produce a bronchial inhalant that was employed in the sweat lodge (Smith, p. 389, 1932).
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Distribution: In Wisconsin: (Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Brown, Buffalo, Burnett, Calumet, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Dodge, Door, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Florence, Fond du Lac, Forest, Grant, Green, Green Lake, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, Kenosha, Kewaunee, La Crosse, Lafayette, Langlade, Lincoln, Manitowoc, Marathon, Marinette, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Monroe, Oconto, Oneida, Outagamie, Ozaukee, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Racine, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, Sawyer, Shawano, Sheboygan, St. Croix, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Walworth, Washburn, Washington, Waukesha, Waupaca, Waushara, Winnebago, Wood) Click here for distribution map
In US: (AK, AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, MT, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV, WY) Click here for distribution map
In Canada: (AB, BC, MB, NB, NF, NS, NT, ON, PE, QC, SK, YT) Click here for distribution map
References:
Synonym(s):
Basionym: na
Homotypic Synonym(s): POWO lists 4 homotypic synonyms for this species.
Heterotypic Synonym(s): na
Autonym: Linaria vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (The other infraspecifics are Linaria vulgaris subsp. chinensis (Bunge ex Debeaux) D. Y. Hong and Linaria vulgaris subsp. pinetorum Kosachev, which have not been recorded from North America.)
Wetland Status (NC): Not listed
Wetland Status (MW): Not listed