Flower ID: IMG_0149.JPG-04-22-2017 Flower name (scientific): Dicentra cucullaria Bernhardi PY: 1833. Pronunciation guide: (phonetic spelling) dy-SEN-trah kuk-yoo-LAIR-ee-uh Flower name (common): Dutchman's Breeches Family name (common): Fumitory Family name (scientific): Fumariaceae Scientific name origin: Genus: From Greek dis for two, and centron for spur. The flowers have two spurs. Specific epithet: Latin for hooded, hood-like. Common name origin: From the supposed resemblance of the flower shape to a Dutchman's Breeches. Flower description: Size: 0.4 to 1.0 inches (1.0 to 2.5 cm) Petal count: 4 Color: White, with a slight yellow tip. Other: flower arrangement, Raceme Plant description: Erect Size: 4 to 12 inches (10 to 30 cm) tall. Stem hairy: Aerial stems absent. Other: Leaf description: attachment is basal, type is simple Size: Compound leaves about 5 to 9 cm long. Leaflets about 0.5 to 2.3 cm long and about 0.6 to 1.8 cm wide. Color: grayish green to medium green Hairy: upper surface glabrous, undersurface glabrous and can be glaucous. Other: Shape: leaf, linear or oblanceolate lobes (IL), ultimate lobes linear to linear-elliptic or linear-obovate (FNA) Origin (native, introduced, invasive): Native Status (common, uncommon, threatened, rare): Common Bloom time (typical): April to May Cycle (annual, biennial, perennial): Perennial Habitat: Woodlands, forests, shade or part shade, mesic conditions. Fruit: Capsules green-colored, typically about 9 to 13 mm in length and 3 to 5 mm wide. Seed: Black colored, shiny, reniform (kidney-shaped) in outline, about 2 mm in length, with an attached elaiosome. Importance to wildlife: Historical data: Robertson (1889, p. 125-126) made the following obervations on insect vistors to this flower: Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, sawflies, and ants); Apidae (Family of bees): Apis mellifica, Bombus virginicus, B. separatus, B. vagans, B. pennsylvanicus, Anthophora ursina, Habropoda floridana, Synhalonia atriventris, S. honesta, Osmia latitarsis, O. montana, O. lignaria. Diptera (flies); Bombyliidae (bee flies): Bombylius fratellus. Lepidotera (butterflies and moths); Rhopalocera (clade of all butterfly species): Danais archippus, Pyrameis atalanta, Papilio ajax, Pieris rapae, and Nisoniades martialis. Similar species (if any): Similar is Dicentra canadensis (Squirrel Corn), which can be distinguished by the heart-shaped flowers with rounded and parallel spurs, whereas D. cucullaria has more bluntly pointed and spreading petal spurs. Ethnobotany: The Menominee employed this plant as a love charm (Smith, p. 81, 1923). Latitude: Longitude: Altitude: Distribution: In Wisconsin: (Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Brown, Buffalo, Calumet, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Dodge, Door, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Florence, Fond du Lac, Forest, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jefferson, Kenosha, Kewaunee, La Crosse, Lafayette, Langlade, Lincoln, Manitowoc, Marathon, Marinette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Outagamie, Ozaukee, Pepin, Pierce, Portage, Racine, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, Sawyer, Shawano, Sheboygan, St. Croix, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Walworth, Washington, Waukesha, Waupaca, Winnebago, Wood) Click here for distribution map In US: (AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV) Click here for distribution map In Canada: (MB, NB, NS, ON, PE, QC) Click here for distribution map References: Synonym(s): Basionym: Fumaria cucullaria Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 699. 1753. Homotypic Synonym(s): POWO lists 7 homotypic synonyms for this species. Heterotypic Synonym(s): POWO lists 12 heterotypic synonyms for this species. Autonym: na Wetland Status (NC): Not listed Wetland Status (MW): Not listed