Putnam Park Wildflowers


Flower ID: IMG_0445.JPG-05-21-2017
Flower name (scientific): Barbarea vulgaris W. T. Aiton PY: 1812. Pronunciation guide: (phonetic spelling) bar-BAR-ree-uh vul-GAIR-iss
Flower name (common): Winter Cress
Family name (common): Mustard
Family name (scientific): Brassicaceae
Scientific name origin:
     Genus: Named after St. Barbara.
    Specific epithet: Latin for common.
Common name origin: Leaves used to make a winter salad. Cress is used to denote various cruciferous plants with mostly edible leaves, which have a pungent flavor.
Flower description:
     Size: 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) wide.
     Petal count: 4
     Color: Yellow
     Other: flower arrangement, Raceme
Plant description: Erect
     Size: 12 to 30 inches (30 to 76 cm) tall
     Stem hairy: glabrous.
     Other:
Leaf description: attachment is basal and alternate, type is simple and lobed.
     Size: Basal leaves are up to 15 cm long and up to 6 cm wide. Upper stem leaves are up to approximately 5 cm long and 2.5 cm wide.
     Color: Dark green.
     Hairy: typically glabrous.
     Other: Shape: leaf, (basal) lyrate-pinnatifid, (cauline) ovate or suborbicular (FNA). Shape: leaf, (basal) lyrate-pinnatifid, (cauline) ovate or suborbicular (FNA)
Origin (native, introduced, invasive): Introduced - naturalized.
Status (common, uncommon, threatened, rare): Common
Bloom time (typical): April to June
Cycle (annual, biennial, perennial): Biennial
Habitat: Fields, woods, disturbed sites, roadsides, sun or part shade, moist.
Fruit: Siliques up to 3 cm long, green-colored, erect to curved upward.
Seed: Brown in color and up to about 1.5 mm in length.
Importance to wildlife:
Similar species (if any): B. verna (Early Winter Cress) is a lookalike, but this species has not been reported in WI or MN, but is present in IL (rare) and MI. B. orthoceras (American Yellow Rocket) is fairly similar, though it is not widespread in WI (though absent in WI according to the FNA distribution map). The latter species can be distinguished in part from B. vulgaris by the presence of ciliate auricles of cauline leaves whereas the auricles of B. vulgaris are glabrous (hairless). Some members of the mustard group (genus Erysimum) have similar flowers, but differences in leaf shape can distinguish between these species.
Ethnobotany: No recorded recorded used by tribes in Wisconsin. Employed by the Cherokee, Mohegan, and Shinnecock tp purify blood and as a cold remedy (Moerman, p. 121, 1998).
Latitude:
Longitude:
Altitude:
Distribution: In Wisconsin: (Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Brown, Buffalo, Burnett, Calumet, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Dodge, Door, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Florence, Fond du Lac, Forest, Grant, Green, Green Lake, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, Kenosha, Kewaunee, La Crosse, Lafayette, Langlade, Lincoln, Manitowoc, Marathon, Marinette, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Monroe, Oconto, Oneida, Outagamie, Ozaukee, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Racine, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, Sawyer, Shawano, Sheboygan, St. Croix, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Walworth, Washburn, Washington, Waukesha, Waupaca, Waushara, Winnebago, Wood) Click here for distribution map
In US: (AL, AR, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MT, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, UT, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV, WY) Click here for distribution map
In Canada: (AB, BC, LB, MB, NB, NF, NS, ON, PE, QC, SK) Click here for distribution map
References:
Synonym(s):
Basionym: Erysimum barbarea Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 660. 1753.
Homotypic Synonym(s): POWO lists 5 homotypic synonyms for this species.
Heterotypic Synonym(s): POWO lists 50 heterotypic synonyms for this species.
Autonym: Barbarea vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (The other infraspecific is Barbarea vulgaris subsp. arcuata (Opiz ex J. Presl & C. Presl) Čelakovský. This is an introduced subspecies in Illinois, but not in other US states.)
Wetland Status (NC): FAC
Wetland Status (MW): FAC