Flower ID: IMG_9961.JPG-09-20-2023 Flower name (scientific): Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moquin-Tandon) J. D. Sauer PY: 1955. Pronunciation guide: (phonetic spelling) am-a-RAN-thus tew-ber-kew-LAY-tus Flower name (common): Rough-fruited Waterhemp Family name (common): Amaranth Family name (scientific): Amaranthaceae Scientific name origin: Genus: From Greek amarantos, meaning unfading or nonwithering, refers to the long lasting flowers. Specific epithet: Referring to the surface, covered with wart-like or knobbly excrescences. Common name origin: Waterhemp comes from its common habitat of wet conditions and hemp refers to a plant providing useful fiber. Rough-fruited possibly alludes to the fruit sometimes being rough and wrinkled. Flower description: Size: 0.04 to 0.12 inches (1 to 3 mm) Petal count: 0 to 5 tepals. Pistillate flowers have 0 or 1 to 2 tepals; staminate flowers have 5 tepals. Color: brown or red. Other: flower arrangement, Spike. Plant description: May be erect or sprawling. Size: 24 to 72 inches (61 to 183 cm) Stem hairy: Glabrous. Other: Leaf description: attachment is alternate, type is simple. Size: Leaves 1.5 to 15 cm long and 0.5 to 3 cm wide. Color: Upper surface medium green, lower surface a bit paler. Hairy: Glabrous. Other: Shape: leaf, proximal ovate or obovate, distal oblong or elliptic to narrowly lanceolate. Origin (native, introduced, invasive): Native Status (common, uncommon, threatened, rare): Common Bloom time (typical): July to October Cycle (annual, biennial, perennial): Annual Habitat: Wet areas, disturbed areas, lakes, marshes, ponds, river margins, agricultural fields, sun. Fruit: Seed: Reddish brown or dark brown with a shiny surface, and approximately 1 mm in diameter. Importance to wildlife: Similar species (if any): Amaranthus retroflexus (Redroot Pigweed) has a similar appearance to Amaranthus tuberculatus. A. tuberculatus has stem and leaves that are hairless, while A. retroflexus has a fairly hairy stem, and leaves that are hairy along the veins on the abaxial surface. Leaf shape and petiole length can also assist in distinguishing these two species. A. retroflexus leaves are ovate to rhombic-ovate with the petiole about half to equaling the blade length of the associated leaf. The proximal leaves of A. tuberculatus are ovate or obovate and the distal leaves oblong or elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, and the petiole about one quarter to one half the length of the associated leaf blade. Ethnobotany: Latitude: 44.799330 Longitude: -91.514757 Altitude: 236.30 Distribution: In Wisconsin: (Adams, Brown, Buffalo, Calumet, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Dodge, Door, Eau Claire, Fond du Lac, Grant, Green, Green Lake, Iowa, Jefferson, Juneau, Kenosha, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Manitowoc, Marinette, Marquette, Milwaukee, Oconto, Outagamie, Ozaukee, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Racine, Richland, Rock, Sauk, Sawyer, Shawano, Sheboygan, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon, Walworth, Washington, Waukesha, Waupaca, Winnebago, Wood) Click here for distribution map In US: (AL, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, SD, TN, TX, VT, WA, WI, WV) In Canada: (MB, ON, QC) References: Synonym(s): Basionym: Acnida tuberculata Moquin-Tandon in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 1 3(2): 277. 1849. Homotypic Synonym(s): POWO lists 2 homotypic synonyms for this species. Heterotypic Synonym(s): POWO lists 20 heterotypic synonyms for this species. Autonym: na