Chapter Objectives
Chapter 8 - Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity
Sections 8.1-8.5
8.1 - Development of the Periodic Table
Concepts
- Be able to describe the meaning of the periodic law and the arrangement of elements by atomic number.
- Assigned problems: 8.1, 8.2, 8.89, 8.105
8.2 - Characteristics of Many-Electron Atoms
Concepts
- Be able to describe the reason for the spin quantum number and its two possible values
- Assigned problems: 8.5, 8.6
- Be able to show how the exclusion principle applies to orbital filling.
- Assigned problems: 8.7, 8.11, 8.14
- Be able to discuss how nuclear charge, shielding, and penetration affects the splitting of orbital energies and the effective nuclear charge.
- Assigned problems: 8.8, 8.9, 8.10
- Be able to discuss how the order in the periodic table is based on the order of orbital energies.
- Assigned problems: 8.15, 8.43, 8.44
8.3 - The Quantum-Mechanical Model and the Periodic Table
Concepts
- Be able to apply Hund’s rule and show how orbitals are filled for the main-group and transition elements.
- Assigned problems: 8.16, 8.17
- Be able to discuss how the outer electron configuration within a group is related to chemical behavior.
- Be able to make the distinction between inner, outer, and valence electrons.
Skills
- Be able to use orbital diagrams to determine the set of quantum numbers for any electron in ann atom.
- Sample problem 8.1
- Assigned problems: 8.21, 8.27, 8.30, 8, 31, 8.34, 8.35, 8.37
- Be able to write full and condensed electron configuration of an element
- Sample problem 8.2
- Assigned problems: 8.23, 8.26, 8.34, 8.39, 8.42
8.4 - Trends in Three Key Atomic Properties
Concepts
- Be able to discuss the meaning of atomic radius, ionization energy, and electron affinity.
- Assigned problems: 8.46, 8.47
- Be able to describe how the value for n and the effective nuclear charge give rise to the periodic trends of atomic size and ionization energy.
- Be able to discuss the importance of the core electrons to the pattern of successive ionization energies.
- Be able to describe how atomic properties are related to the tendency to form ions
- Assigned problems: 8.51, 8.95
Skills
- Be able to use periodic trends to rank elements by atomic size and first ionization energy
- Sample problems: 8.3, 8.4
- Assigned problems: 8.53, 8.54, 8.55, 8.56
- Be able to identify and element from its successive ionization energies.
- Sample problem: 8.5
- Assigned problems: 8.57, 8.60
8.5 - Atomic Structure and Chemical Reactivity
Concepts
- Be able to describe and compare the general properties of metals and nonmetals.
- Assigned problems: 8.61, 8.62, 8.68, 8.71, 8.88
- Be able to describe how the vertical and horizontal trends in metallic behaviors are related to ion formation and oxide acidity.
- Assigned problems: 8.63, 8.72
- Be able to discuss why the main-group ions are either isolelectronic with the nearest noble gas or have a pseudo-noble gas electron configuration.
- Be able to discuss why the transition elements lose ns electrons first.
- Be able to describe the origin of paramagnetic and diamagnetic behaviors.
- Assigned problems: 8.66, 8.79, 8.80, 8.83 8.101
- Be able to discuss the relation between ionic and atomic size and the trends in the ionic size.
Skills
- Be able to write the electronic configurations of main-group and transition metal ions.
- Sample problems: 8.6, 8.7
- Assigned problems: 8.75, 8.76, 8.83
- Be able to use periodic trends to rank ions by relative size.
- Sample problem: 8.8
- Assigned problems: 8.86, 8.87
