Chapter Objectives
Chapter 3 - Stoichiometry
Sections 3.1-3.5
3.1 - The Mole
Concepts
- Be able to discuss the meaning and usefulness of the mole in chemistry.
- Assigned problem: 3.5
- Be able to describe the difference between the formula mass (ionic compounds), or molecular mass (covalent compounds), and the molar mass.
- Assigned problems: 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4
- Be able to describe the relationship between the amount of a substance (moles), the mass of a substance (grams).
- Assigned problem: 3.7
- Be able to describe the information contained in a chemical formula
- Assigned problem: 3.6
Skills
- Be able to calculate the molar mass of any substance.
- Be able to convert between the amount of a substance (moles), the mass of a substance (grams).
- Be able to use mass percent to find the mass of an element in a given mass of a compound.
3.2 - Determining the Formula of an Unknown Compound
Concepts
- Be able to describe the procedures used to find the empirical and molecular formulas of a compound.
- Assigned problems: 3.30, 3.31, 3.32
- Assigned problems: 3.30, 3.31, 3.32
- Be able to discuss how more than one substance can have the same empirical form and the same molecular formula (isomer).
Skills
- Be able to determine the empirical and molecular formulas of a compound from mass percent and molar mass of elements.
- Be able to determine a molecular formula from combustion analysis.
3.3 - Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
Concepts
- Be able to describe the importance of balancing equations fro the quantitative study of chemical reactions.
- Assigned problems: 3.47, 3.48, 3.49
Skills
- Be able to balance chemical equations
- Assigned problems: 3.51, 3.52
- Be able to convert a chemical statement or a molecular depiction into a balanced equation
3.4 - Calculating Amounts of Reactant and Product
Concepts
- Be able to describe the mole-mass-number information contained in a balanced equation.
- Assigned problems: 3.47, 3.58
- Assigned problems: 3.47, 3.58
- Be able to discuss the relation between amounts of reactants and products.
- Assigned problems: 3.48, 3.49, 3.50, 3.60
- Assigned problems: 3.48, 3.49, 3.50, 3.60
- Be able to discuss why one reactant limits the yield of a product.
- Assigned problems: 3.59
- Assigned problems: 3.59
- Be able to describe what causes a lower-than-expected yields and the distinction between theoretical and actual yields
- Assigned problems: 3.159
Skills
- Be able to use stoichiometrically equivalent molar rations to calculate amounts of reactants and products in reaction of pure and dissolved substances.
- Be able to write an overall equation from a series of equations
- Assigned problem: 3.81
- Sample problem: 3.11
- Assigned problem: 3.81
- Be able to solve limiting-reactant problems from molecular depictions and for reactions of pure and dissolved substances.
- Be able to calculate percent yield
- Assigned problem: 3.86, 3.156
- Sample problem 3.14
- Assigned problem: 3.86, 3.156
3.5 - Compounds: Formulas, Names and Masses
Concepts
- Be able to describe the meanings of concentration and molarity
- Assigned problems: 3.92
- Assigned problems: 3.92
- Be able to discuss the effect of dilution on the concentration of solute.
- Assigned problem 3.95
- Assigned problem 3.95
- Be able to describe how reactions in solution differ from those of pure reactants
- Assigned problems: 3.104, 3.106
Skills
- Be able to calculate molarity and mass of solute in solution.
- Be able to calculate how to prepare a dilute solution from a concentrated one.
- Assigned problems: 3.93, 3.101
- Sample problem: 3.17
- Sample problem: 3.17
- Assigned problems: 3.93, 3.101
- Be able to use molecular depictions to illustrate changes in volume.
- Assigned problems: 3.94, 3.130
- Sample problem 3.18
- Assigned problems: 3.94, 3.130
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